Testing and programming actel field programmable gate arrays fpgas 7 this can be done by programming a special type of antifuse referred to as a horizontal antifuse. In 2000, actel acquired gatefield which expanded actels antifuse fpga offering to include flashbased fpgas. Silicon carbide sic nanoelectromechanical antifuse for ultralow. From rose article amr antifuse, which, when electrically programmed, forms a low resistance path, and when a high voltage from 11 to 20 volts, depending on the type of antifuse is applied across its terminals the antifuse will blow and create a low resistance link. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas.
Pdf we report a new nanoscale antifuse featuring lowpower and highprogramming. Fpga development point tools for pcs and workstations that includes the actgen macro builder, designer with directtime timing driven placeandroute and analysis tools, and the silicon sculptor and aps device programming software. This burnin screen static and dynamic can effectively be performed prior to programming with the microsemi fpga, as it is fully testable in a blank state. Sharif university of technology 2 table of contents fpga logic blocks programming technologies comparison between technologies. Select wire segments and switches for interconnection. Realtime device verification actels antifuse fpgas contain actionprobe circuitry that provides builtin access to. Very high density fpga terrain uninterrupted with highvoltage programming devices. Evaluation test results of antifuse type fpga 2005. For a dut tested statically to functional failure, we always observed the occurrence of an abrupt icc. Each macrocell can normal or 4 product terms together. He does not know how your design works, nor does he need that information. Usually, the board will have an eeprom to hold the program bitstream and the fpga will load the bitstream automatically at reset. Pdf we report a new nanoscale antifuse featuring lowpower and high programming. There is a brief discussion of the programmable element impact on the fpga architecture.
Mar 07, 2015 sram means the chip programming is held in ram or flops or similar. The fpgas based on anti fuse technology are just one time programable. Other legacy devices listed may still be in full production, but there may be available pincompatible, functionallyequivalent alternatives using more recent manufacturing processes. Unless otherwise noted, you can find more information about these changes later in this book. We will be doing this with handson experiments, in a fun and practical way. Hcmos gate array databook and design manual, lsi logic corporation, october 1986. Are advanced verification methodologies required to test fpga. Radiation tolerant antifuse fpga jihjong wang 1,brian. Pdf silicon carbide sic nanoelectromechanical antifuse for.
Fpga market by technology sram, antifuse, flash, node size. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser. This makes this technique useless for determination of the state of the antifuse. In contrast, a nonvolatile antifuse or flashbased fpga prevents such an attack and offers even more security than an asic implementation.
Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break an electrically conductive path, an antifuse starts with a high resistance, and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path. Index terms antifuse, fieldprogrammable gate array fpga, nanoelectromechanical systems nems, silicon carbide sic, programming voltage, ultralow power. Aurora software tool suite for efpga design quicklogic. Other legacy devices listed may still be in full production, but there may be available pincompatible. Antifuse for ultralowpower onetimeprogrammable otp fpga interconnects. Can anyone briefly describe here what is the main difference beteen anti fuse technology and other technologies for fpga. The fpgas configuration data is stored externally in a prom or some other nonvolatile medium, either on or off the board.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In unit 4, we see what work has been done in the eld and. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas 5 1. Quicklogic has three decades of experience in developing fpga software, and has carefully tuned the algorithms for the implementation flow to cater to the efpga designers needs. Global fpga market expected to exhibit significant growth between 2017 and 2023 the fpga market is expected to be valued at usd 9. Introduction fpgas continue to grow in density and capability, enabling users to implement more complex and valuable designs. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser programming, pass transistors controlled by sram or eprom cells and antifuses. Fpga architectures overview in this short article we discuss modern fpga architectures srambased, flashbased, antifusebased and their applications. National instruments corporation ix fpga module user manual about this manual this manual describes the labview fpga module software and techniques for building applications in labview with the fpga module. An industry tiger team itt and nasa have made investigations and evaluation tests to find out the cause of the failures ongoing. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas 7 the situation with srambased fpga designs figure 1. Are advanced verification methodologies required to test fpga designs. C r seu immune set sensitive routing fpga core set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas sana rezgui, j. Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break an electrically conductive path typically when the current through the path exceeds a specified limit, an antifuse starts with a high resistance, and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path.
Fpga architectures overview portland state university. With todays larger format wafers and smaller process geometries, mask costs continue to rise while minimum lot sizes have also increased in orders of magnitude. We also demonstrate a sic nems antifusebased otp memory cell with a read margin of 106. Sharif university of technology 2 table of contents fpga logic blocks. Using global resources in actels axcelerator family. Whether you are designing a stateofthe art, highperformance networking application requiring the highest capacity, bandwidth, and performance, or looking for a lowcost, small footprint fpga to take your softwaredefined technology to the next level, xilinx fpgas and 3d ics provide you with system integration while optimizing for performance. Among the antifuse fpga vendors quicklogic is the market leader in supplying the lowest programmable solutions for this very same reason. Actel was founded in 1985 and became known for its highreliability and antifuse based fpgas, used in the military and aerospace markets. The example of sramcontrolled switches in figure 5 il lustrates two applications, one to con. Having an efficient software tool suite is very critical for successful efpga adoption. Sram means the chip programming is held in ram or flops or similar.
Actel corporation, mountain view, ca 94043, usa jihjong. For soc products group flash devices, refer to the programming flash devices chapter of the appropriate fpga fabric users guide. Introduction fpga field programmable gate array is an integrated circuit containing gate matrix which can be programmed by the user in the field without using expensive equipment. The basic tid mechanisms are introduced and used to explain the anomalies in the fpgas. Set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas. Each lab share an additional 16 shared product terms in order to cope with more complex boolean equations. Bae systems, 9300 wellington road, manassas, va 201104122. We also demonstrate a sic nems antifuse based otp memory cell with a read margin of 106. The antifuse, posi tioned between two interconnect wires, consists of three sandwiched layers. Waveform viewer list viewer watch trace code execution with processes call stack breakpoint manager. Index terms antifuse, fieldprogrammable gate array fpga.
In the following sections, most radiation data are from antifusebased fpgas. Are advanced verification methodologies required to test. The example of sramcontrolled switches in figure 5 il lustrates two applications, one to con trol the gate nodes of passtransistor switches and the other, the select lines of multiplexers that drive logic block in puts. After applying power, the configuration data is written to the fpga using any of seven different modes. Fpga a fieldprogrammable gate array is an fpd featuring a general structure that allows very high logic capacity. In this short article we discuss modern fpga architectures srambased, flashbased, antifuse based and their applications. Monolithic 3d integration with novel patentpending technologies. Silicon carbide sic nanoelectromechanical antifuse for. Performance overview the xc8100 family has been benchmarked with many actual customer designs running synchronous. The fpga s based on anti fuse technology are just one time programable. This architecture provides eight segmentable chipwide global networks, eight embedded plls, and available dedicated poweron resetset signals.
Testing and programming actel field programmable gate. Fpga vs asic summary frontend design flow is almost the same for both backend design flow optimization is different asic design. Designer software tools, allow users to examine any of the internal nets of the device while it is operating. Testing and programming actel field programmable gate arrays fpgas. Xilinx offers a comprehensive multinode portfolio to address requirements across a wide set of applications. Plenty of room to add as much text and as many figures as were needed because it didnt have to fit into a fixed amount of paper. To know about the assumptions considered for the study, download the pdf brochure. The industry has spent a lot of effort developing design encryption schemes that protect the design at the netlist level, but it is still exposed to a trivial cloning attack if implemented in an sram fpga. Legacy devices are fpgas that microsemi no longer recommends for new designs. Antifuse invented at stanford and developed by actel. This paper describes several distinct design security issues and concepts, the contrasts between the design security of competing fpga technologies sram, antifuse, and flash with the incumbent asic technology. One of these three parameters is usually the limiting factor of the total dose tolerance. Antifusebased fpga operates at extended automotive range of 40 to 125c and junction temperature to 150c. Inputs are presented to the product term as signal and its inverse.
General antifuse programming information programming features for soc products group devices soc products group provides two types of fpgas. An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite function to a fuse. A competitor either makes a copy of the boot prom or intercepts the bitstream from the onboard processor and copies the code. See imperial college, 2005 digital system design 3. Sharif university of technology 3 field programmable gate array two dimensional structure. Lookup tables luts zlut contains memory cells to implement small logic functions zeach cell holds 0 or 1. Whether you are designing a stateofthe art, highperformance networking application requiring the highest capacity, bandwidth, and performance, or looking for a lowcost, small footprint fpga to take your softwaredefined technology to the next level, xilinx fpgas and 3d ics provide. My book covered how to build electronics using xilinx fpgas. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. For a complete list of antifuse package offerings, read the. As an example, the output of module 3 is also connected to the input of module 1 by programming two crossantifuses and one horizontal antifuse. The user can probe into an ex device via the pra and prb pins. Designer software includes timingdriven place and route, a worldclass static timing analyzer and constraints editor, a design netlist viewer, and smartpower, a tool that allows the user to quickly estimate the power consumption in a design. However, burnin is still an effective method to screen for standard cmos infant mortality failures as required by all mil 883b parts.
This section describes the new features and enhancements in fpga express version 3. A new business model enabled by the security capabilities of nonvolatile antifuse and flashbased fpgas will also be discussed. A very highspeed field programmable gate array using metaltometal antifuse. Radiation hardened fpga technology for space applications. From the evaluation test results, the failure phenomenon is.
Connections between device layers are at litho feature size. Fpga products use either sram or an tifuse technologies. Wang, yinming sun, durwyn dsilva, brian cronquist, and john mccollum. The architecture of an fpga is determined, in large part, by the programmable switch technology used to configure it.
Dear all, i am wondering about anti fuse technology. Whereas cplds feature logic resources with a wide number of inputs and planes, fpgas offer more narrow logic resources. How does srambased fpga differ from antifusebased fpga. Basics of field programmable gate arrays waqarwaqar hussain hussain firstname. Fpga market by offering, sensor type covid19 impact.
If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. Ultra low power design techniques for fpgas fpga central. Radiation hardened fpga technology for space applications mapld 2008 leonard rockett1, dinu patel1,steven danziger1, j. In 2004, actel announced it had shipped the onemillionth unit of its flashbased proasic plus fpga. Pdf secure fpga technologies and techniques researchgate. In unit 2, we then show how fpgas can be used to support database tasks, which gives us the background to assess the tradeo s in fpgaassisted database processing in unit 3. Some of these devices may already have corresponding product discontinuation notices pdn, indicating that microsemi intends to cease shipment of these products in the near future. For xilinx virtexii input, output, triout and inout pad cells, you. An online book with a separate pdf for each chapter. Us7111272b1 us10833,608 us83360804a us7111272b1 us 7111272 b1 us7111272 b1 us 7111272b1 us 83360804 a us83360804 a us 83360804a us 7111272 b1 us7111272 b1 us 7111272b1 authority us united states prior art keywords programming antifuse programmed fpga programmable prior art date 20021008 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a. Fpga market by technology sram, antifuse, flash, node.
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